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본 연구의 목적은 패널 모형을 통하여 북한이탈주민의 고용에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석하는 것이다. 패널 조사에 모두 참여한 북한이탈주민은 106명이며 고정효과모형과 확룔효과모형을 활용하여 통계 분석하였다. 고용에 영향을 미치는 정적인 요인은 성별, 연령, 당원 경험, 자격증 취득, 이직 경험, 남한 언어이해로 나타났다. 남성이 여성에 비하여 고용율이 증가하였다. 연령이 증가할수록, 당원 경험이 있을수록, 자격증을 취득할수록, 이직 경험이 있을수록, 남한 언어이해력이 증가할수록 고용이 증가하였다. 반면, 북한이탈주민이 고령화될수록, 남한 정규교육 경험을 할수록, 직업교육을 받을수록, 우울경향이 높을수록, 제3국 외상경험이 많을수록 고용율이 감소하였다. 연구결과를 토대로 하여 북한이탈주민의 지원전략을 제언하였다.
Objective. In this study we sought to determine factors predicting the employment of North Korean refugees as a proxy for economic integration. Method. We conducted a panel survey with an initial sample size of 200 North Korean refugees who completed a government-sponsored training program in South Korea between October 1999 and March 2001, and repeated the survey measures with the same initial cohort in 2004 and 2007, for a sample size of 106 subjects who completed all three surveys. Results. According to the results, positive factors influencing the employment of North Korean defectors were sex, age, experience in the communist party, acquisition of certificate, experience of unemployment, and linguistic understanding of the South Korean language. The employment rate of North Korean males increased more than that of females. Factors negatively affecting employment were higher age, experience of regular South Korean education, experience of vocational training, experience of depression, and the trauma of defection. Conclusion. Given the panel of data, these findings suggest that there are multiple programmatic avenues that can be taken in the post-migration context in order to facilitate the economic integration of North Koreans in South Korea.
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